Gabbe Obstetrics 5Th Edition

Birth control Wikipedia. Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 2. Planning, making available, and using birth control is called family planning. Some cultures limit or discourage access to birth control because they consider it to be morally, religiously, or politically undesirable. The most effective methods of birth control are sterilization by means of vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females, intrauterine devices IUDs, and implantable birth control. This is followed by a number of hormone based methods including oral pills, patches, vaginal rings, and injections. Less effective methods include physical barriers such as condoms, diaphragms and birth control sponges and fertility awareness methods. The least effective methods are spermicides and withdrawal by the male before ejaculation. Sterilization, while highly effective, is not usually reversible all other methods are reversible, most immediately upon stopping them. Safe sex practices, such as with the use of male or female condoms, can also help prevent sexually transmitted infections. Other methods of birth control do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Emergency birth control can prevent pregnancy if taken within the 7. Some argue not having sex as a form of birth control, but abstinence only sex education may increase teenage pregnancies if offered without birth control education, due to non compliance. In teenagers, pregnancies are at greater risk of poor outcomes. Comprehensive sex education and access to birth control decreases the rate of unwanted pregnancies in this age group. Gabbe Obstetrics 5Th Edition' title='Gabbe Obstetrics 5Th Edition' />Umbilical Cord Prolapse and Compression Injuries. Normally, the baby exits the mother before the umbilical cord. In a umbilical cord prolapse, the umbilical cord. Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times. Antikoncepce, ideji t kontracepce, je souhrnn nzev pro vechny metody, kter slou jako ochrana ped neplnovanm thotenstvm, tedy. The eMedicine pointofcare clinical reference features uptodate, searchable, peerreviewed medical articles organized in specialtyfocused textbooks, and is. While all forms of birth control can generally be used by young people,1. IUDs, or vaginal rings are more successful in reducing rates of teenage pregnancy. After the delivery of a child, a woman who is not exclusively breastfeeding may become pregnant again after as few as four to six weeks. Some methods of birth control can be started immediately following the birth, while others require a delay of up to six months. In women who are breastfeeding, progestin only methods are preferred over combined oral birth control pills. In women who have reached menopause, it is recommended that birth control be continued for one year after the last period. About 2. 22 million women who want to avoid pregnancy in developing countries are not using a modern birth control method. Birth control use in developing countries has decreased the number of deaths during or around the time of pregnancy by 4. By lengthening the time between pregnancies, birth control can improve adult womens delivery outcomes and the survival of their children. In the developing world womens earnings, assets, weight, and their childrens schooling and health all improve with greater access to birth control. Birth control increases economic growth because of fewer dependent children, more women participating in the workforce, and less use of scarce resources. Video explaining how to prevent unwanted pregnancy. MethodseditChance of pregnancy during first year of use2. Gabbe Obstetrics 5Th Edition' title='Gabbe Obstetrics 5Th Edition' />Method. Typical use. Perfect use. No birth control. Combination pill. Progestin only pill. Sterilization female0. Sterilization male0. Condom female2. Condom male1. Copper IUD0. Hormonal IUD0. Patch. 90. 3Vaginal ring. Depo Provera. 60. Implant. 0. 0. 50. Diaphragm and spermicide. Fertility awareness. Withdrawal. 224Lactational amenorrhea method6 months failure rate07. Birth control methods include barrier methods, hormonal birth control, intrauterine devices IUDs, sterilization, and behavioral methods. They are used before or during sex while emergency contraceptives are effective for up to a few days after sex. Effectiveness is generally expressed as the percentage of women who become pregnant using a given method during the first year,2. The most effective methods are those that are long acting and do not require ongoing health care visits. Surgical sterilization, implantable hormones, and intrauterine devices all have first year failure rates of less than 1. Hormonal contraceptive pills, patches or vaginal rings, and the lactational amenorrhea method LAM, if used strictly, can also have first year or for LAM, first 6 month failure rates of less than 1. With typical use first year failure rates are considerably high, at 9, due to incorrect usage. Other methods such as condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides have higher first year failure rates even with perfect usage. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends long acting reversible birth control as first line for young people. While all methods of birth control have some potential adverse effects, the risk is less than that of pregnancy. After stopping or removing many methods of birth control, including oral contraceptives, IUDs, implants and injections, the rate of pregnancy during the subsequent year is the same as for those who used no birth control. For individuals with specific health problems, certain forms of birth control may require further investigations. For women who are otherwise healthy, many methods of birth control should not require a medical examincluding birth control pills, injectable or implantable birth control, and condoms. For example, a pelvic exam, breast exam, or blood test before starting birth control pills does not appear to affect outcomes. In 2. 00. 9, the World Health Organization WHO published a detailed list of medical eligibility criteria for each type of birth control. HormonaleditHormonal contraception is available in a number of different forms, including oral pills, implants under the skin, injections, patches, IUDs and a vaginal ring. They are currently available only for women, although hormonal contraceptives for men have been and are being clinically tested. There are two types of oral birth control pills, the combined oral contraceptive pills which contain both estrogen and a progestogen and the progestogen only pills sometimes called minipills. If either is taken during pregnancy, they do not increase the risk of miscarriage nor cause birth defects. Both types of birth control pills prevent fertilization mainly by inhibiting ovulation and thickening cervical mucous. Their effectiveness depends on the user remembering to take the pills. They may also change the lining of the uterus and thus decrease implantation. Combined hormonal contraceptives are associated with a slightly increased risk of venous and arterial blood clots. Venous clots, on average, increase from 2. Due to this risk, they are not recommended in women over 3. Due to the increased risk they are included in decision tools such as the DASH score and PERC rule used to predict the risk of blood clots. The effect on sexual desire is varied, with increase or decrease in some but with no effect in most. Combined oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer and do not change the risk of breast cancer. Software Serial Esp8266. They often reduce menstrual bleeding and painful menstruation cramps. The lower doses of estrogen released from the vaginal ring may reduce the risk of breast tenderness, nausea, and headache associated with higher dose estrogen products.